Acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction
Overview
Basic Forms
On terminology
On being ungrammatical
On good English
Basic meanings
I am more interesting in English Grammar
Why can I say I shot the sheriff, but not *I smiled the sheriff？
Linguistic distance
Meanings in context
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
2 Articles
Overview
Basic forms
An article machine
Basic meanings
Countability
Singular or plural？
Individuation
Conceptual structure: classifying and identifying
Meanings in context
Already given: anaphoric and cataphoric （the）
Clearly given （zero article）
A note on a new article
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
3 Tense and aspect
Overview
Basic forms
The basic structure
Basic meanings
Tense
Aspect
Lexical aspect
Grammatical aspect
Meanings in context
In a magazine article
In academic writing
In narratives
In a news report
In spoken discourse
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
4 Modals
Overview
Basic forms
The simple modals
Basic meanings
Epistemic modality
Root modality
Necessary and possible
Meanings in context
The p0tential of can
The possibility of may
The necessity of must
The likelihood of will
The requirements of should
Negation and modals
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
5 Conditionals
Overview
Basic forms
Factual conditionals
Predictive conditionals
Hypothetical conditionals
Counterfactual conditionals
Basic meanings
What happens if ... ？
What will happen if... ？
What would happen if ... ？
What would have happened if... ？
Meanings in context
Restating
Contrasting
Listing alternatives
Giving examples
End-weight
Uncertainty and politeness
Exceptional and concessive conditionals
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
6 Prepositions and particles
Overview
Basic forms
Prepositions
Basic meanings: prepositions
Location in space
Location in time
Location in metaphor
ParticLes
Basic meanings: particLes
Up and down
Off, on, out, and away
Meanings in context
End-weight
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
7 Indirect objects
Overview
Basic forms
Types of verbs
Basic structures: origins and pronunciation
Basic meanings
Humans, transfer, and having
Transfer and not having
Creating, getting, and benefiting
Meanings in context
End-weight
Linguistic distance
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
8 Infinitives and gerunds
Overview
Basic forms
Basic meanings
Group 1: verbs with only finite （that..i） complements
Group 2: verbs with only to-V non-finite complements
Group 3: verbs with only V-ing non-finite complements
Group 4: verbs with both to-V and V-ingcomplements
Meanings in context
Noun-like events
Verb-like actions
Deny and refuse
Types of verbs ~
Linguistic distance
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
9 Relative clauses
overview
Basic forms
Subject relatives
Object relatives
After-preposition relatives
Possessive relattves
Basic structures
Basic meanings
Who, which, that
Where, when, why
Meanings in context
Introducing new information
Connecting with given information
End-weight
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
10 Direct and indirect speech
Overview
Basic forms
Basic meanings
Direct speech as drama
Indirect speech as narrative
Summarized reports
Reporting verbs
The teachers were saying ...
Meanings in context
Free indirect discourse
Constructed dialogue
Discussion topics and projects
Teaching ideas
Further reading
Glossary
Bibliography
Answers to exercises
Index